Dr. Upadhyay is a board-certified nephrologist with academic interests in examining the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hemodialysis systems, and evidence-based medicine (EBM). He has conducted epidemiologic research in the Framingham Heart Study, led the evidence review team for the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines on lipid management in CKD, and participated in the evidence review teams for the KDIGO clinical practice guidelines on blood pressure management in CKD and anemia management in CKD. He maintains an active clinical practice in general nephrology, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis, and is the Program Director of BU's Nephrology Fellowship Training Program. In addition, he directs research and EBM curriculum of BU's Internal Medicine Residency Program, and was an Associate Program Director of the Internal Medicine Residency Program from 2012 to 2018. Outside of BU, Dr. Upadhyay serves as a voting member of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)’s Renal Disease and Detoxification Committee, the primary source of national and international consensus standards for hemodialysis technology and dialysis water sterilization processes.