David Coleman | Profiles RNS

David Coleman, MD

Emeritus Professor

Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine

Medicine

MD, University of California San Francisco
MA, Yale University
AB, Stanford University

Websites

	BMC
	ResearchGate
	BUSM

ORCID : 0000-0003-4803-5387

The initial focus of Dr. Coleman’s original scholarship was in the regulation of macrophage activation and proliferation. He identified novel factors that induce macrophage phagocytic function and oxidative metabolism. He went on to characterize the mechanisms by which macrophages are activated, recruited, retained, and induced to proliferate in local tissues. His research team discovered production of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) by non-immunological cell and tissue types such as keratinocytes (skin), glomerular mesangial cells (kidney), and respiratory epithelium (trachea). His team also identified production of other soluble cytokines (Macrophage CSF and Interleukin 6) by local tissues that regulate cell traffic and inflammation, particularly in the skin and kidney – two common sites of inflammation and infection. His later studies focused on the subcellular mechanisms of macrophage activation and proliferation induced by GM-CSF.

He further delineated the effect of GM-CSF on intracellular second messenger pathways (e.g., cyclic nucleotides, protein kinase C) and early response genes (e.g., Egr-1) in macrophages. He defined the role of cis-acting 3’ regulatory elements in mediating the transcriptional activation of Egr-1 in macrophages. These studies were designed to characterize paracrine and autocrine signals that regulate cells in local tissues in states of inflammation and infection, and to better understand how therapies might be targeted at the extracellular and intracellular signals that underlie the inflammatory process. His work over the past 15 years has focused on medical and civic professionalism in medical education and clinical practice. He has developed incentive plans that promote physician productivity in an academically affiliated VA Medical Center and at Yale School of Medicine. In addition, he has led efforts at Yale and Boston University Schools of Medicine to develop more effective and rigorous policies for the interactions of clinicians with the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Dr. Coleman’s clinical responsibilities include serving as an inpatient medical attending and infectious disease consult attending at Boston Medical Center.

Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.

iCite Analysis Copy PMIDs To Clipboard

Coleman DL, Joiner KA. Physician Incentive Compensation Plans in Academic Medical Centers: The Imperative to Prioritize Value. Am J Med. 2021 11; 134(11):1344-1349. PMID: 34343514

Childs E, Remein CD, Bhasin RM, Harris AC, Day A, Sullivan LM, Coleman DL, Benjamin EJ. How to Launch and Continually Enhance an Effective Medical Campus Faculty Development Program: Steps for Implementation and Lessons Learned. J Healthc Leadersh. 2021; 13:147-156.View Related Profiles.

Coleman, David
Benjamin, Emelia
Sullivan, Lisa

PMID: 34262383; PMCID: PMC8275133; DOI: 10.2147/JHL.S308608;

Finn PW, Abel D, Amin A, Anderson ME, Carethers JM, Coleman DL, Curtis AB, Geraci MW, Gladwin MT, Hollenberg A, Parmacek MS, Robbins RJ. Voices for Social Justice and Against Racism: An AAIM Perspective. Am J Med. 2021 07; 134(7):930-934.View Related Profiles.

Hollenberg, Anthony
Coleman, David

PMID: 33848502

Robbins BW, McLaughlin S, Finn PW, Spencer AL, Coleman DL. Young Adults: Addressing the Health Needs of a Vulnerable Population. Am J Med. 2020 08; 133(8):999-1002. PMID: 32387083

Vassallo P, Jeremiah J, Forman L, Dubois L, Simmons DL, Chretien K, Amin A, Coleman D, Collichio F. Parental Leave in Graduate Medical Education: Recommendations for Reform. Am J Med. 2019 03; 132(3):385-389. PMID: 30503884

Coleman DL, Tannock LR, Pignone M, Amin AN, Finn PW. Developing Faculty in Emerging Areas of Interdisciplinary Research. Am J Med. 2018 10; 131(10):1257-1262. PMID: 29981720

Spira A, Coleman D. Impact of an Interdisciplinary Computational Research Section in a Department of Medicine: An 8-Year Perspective. Am J Med. 2018 07; 131(7):846-851.View Related Profiles.

Spira, Avrum
Coleman, David

PMID: 29601802

Siegel J, Coleman DL, James T. Integrating Social Determinants of Health Into Graduate Medical Education: A Call for Action. Acad Med. 2018 02; 93(2):159-162.View Related Profiles.

Coleman, David
Siegel, Jennifer
James, Thea

PMID: 29140918

Ravid K, Seta F, Center D, Waters G, Coleman D. Catalyzing Interdisciplinary Research and Training: Initial Outcomes and Evolution of the Affinity Research Collaboratives Model. Acad Med. 2017 Oct; 92(10):1399-1405.View Related Profiles.

Coleman, David
Center, David
Seta, Francesca
Ravid, Katya

PMID: 28445220

Gordon CE, Chitalia VC, Sloan JM, Salant DJ, Coleman DL, Quillen K, Ravid K, Francis JM. Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Nov; 70(5):715-721.View Related Profiles.

Gordon, Craig
Coleman, David
Salant, David
Sloan, J.
Francis, Jean
Quillen, Karen
Ravid, Katya
Chitalia, Vipul

PMID: 28720207

Showing 10 of 86 results. Show More

Coleman DL, Wardrop RM, Levinson WS, Zeidel ML, Parsons PE. Strategies for Developing and Recognizing Faculty Working in Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. Acad Med. 2017 01; 92(1):52-57. PMID: 27191838; DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001230;

Coleman DL, Johnson DH. The Department of Medicine in 2030: A Look Ahead. Am J Med. 2016 Nov; 129(11):1226-1233. PMID: 27480389; DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.008;

Ravid K, Faux R, Corkey B, Coleman D. Building interdisciplinary biomedical research using novel collaboratives. Acad Med. 2013 Feb; 88(2):179-84.View Related Profiles.

Corkey, Barbara
Coleman, David
Ravid, Katya

PMID: 23269301; PMCID: PMC5761645; DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31827c0f79;

Coleman DL, Spira A, Ravid K. Promoting interdisciplinary research in departments of medicine: results from two models at Boston University School of Medicine. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013; 124:275-82.View Related Profiles.

Spira, Avrum
Coleman, David
Ravid, Katya

PMID: 23874035; PMCID: PMC3715902

Joiner KA, Coleman DL. Perspective: key indicators in academic medicine: a suggested framework for analysis. Acad Med. 2012 Feb; 87(2):230-5. PMID: 22273616; DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31823faafb;

Coleman DL. A historical perspective on leptin. Nat Med. 2010 Oct; 16(10):1097-9. PMID: 20930752; DOI: 10.1038/nm1010-1097;

Coleman DL. Establishing policies for the relationship between industry and clinicians: lessons learned from two academic health centers. Acad Med. 2008 Sep; 83(9):882-7. PMID: 18728449; DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318181da0e;

Coleman DL. The impact of the lack of health insurance: how should academic medical centers and medical schools respond? Acad Med. 2006 Aug; 81(8):728-31. PMID: 16868427

Wilson MS, Joiner KA, Inzucchi SE, Mulligan GJ, Mechem MF, Gross CP, Coleman DL. Improving clinical productivity in the academic setting: a novel incentive plan based on utility theory. Acad Med. 2006 Apr; 81(4):306-13. PMID: 16565178

Coleman DL, Kazdin AE, Miller LA, Morrow JS, Udelsman R. Guidelines for interactions between clinical faculty and the pharmaceutical industry: one medical school's approach. Acad Med. 2006 Feb; 81(2):154-60. PMID: 16436576

Coleman DL, Moran E, Serfilippi D, Mulinski P, Rosenthal R, Gordon B, Mogielnicki RP. Measuring physicians' productivity in a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center. Acad Med. 2003 Jul; 78(7):682-9. PMID: 12857686

Shapiro ED, Coleman DL. The scholarship of application. Acad Med. 2000 Sep; 75(9):895-8. PMID: 10995610

Chaturvedi S, Qi H, Coleman D, Rodriguez A, Hanson PI, Striepen B, Roos DS, Joiner KA. Constitutive calcium-independent release of Toxoplasma gondii dense granules occurs through the NSF/SNAP/SNARE/Rab machinery. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 22; 274(4):2424-31. PMID: 9891012

Budde K, Neumayer HH, Salant DJ, Cybulsky AV, Coleman DL, Sterzel RB. Glomerular epithelial cell products stimulate mesangial cell proliferation in culture. Kidney Int. 1997 Sep; 52(3):733-41.View Related Profiles.

Coleman, David
Salant, David

PMID: 9291194

Coleman DL. Four ways to avoid being deselected. Manag Care. 1996 Nov; 5(11):36-8. PMID: 10163182

Kamine J, Elangovan B, Subramanian T, Coleman D, Chinnadurai G. Identification of a cellular protein that specifically interacts with the essential cysteine region of the HIV-1 Tat transactivator. Virology. 1996 Feb 15; 216(2):357-66. PMID: 8607265; DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0071;

Li C, Mitchell D, Coleman DL. Lipopolysaccharide induces expression of Egr-1 in macrophages through upstream CArG box (serum response) elements. J. Endotoxin Research. 1995; (2):239-246.

Li C, Mitchell DH, Coleman DL. Analysis of Egr-1 protein induction in murine peritoneal macrophages treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Yale J Biol Med. 1994 Sep-Dec; 67(5-6):269-76. PMID: 8579643; PMCID: PMC2588905

Rupprecht HD, Sukhatme VP, Rupprecht AP, Sterzel RB, Coleman DL. Serum response elements mediate protein kinase C dependent transcriptional induction of early growth response gene-1 by arginine vasopressin in rat mesangial cells. J Cell Physiol. 1994 May; 159(2):311-23. PMID: 8163570

Takayama K, Mitchell DH, Din ZZ, Mukerjee P, Li C, Coleman DL. Monomeric Re lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli is more active than the aggregated form in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay and in inducing Egr-1 mRNA in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21; 269(3):2241-4. PMID: 8294481

Rupprecht HD, Sukhatme VP, Lacy J, Sterzel RB, Coleman DL. PDGF-induced Egr-1 expression in rat mesangial cells is mediated through upstream serum response elements. Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep; 265(3 Pt 2):F351-60. PMID: 8214093

Coleman DL, Bartiss AH, Sukhatme VP, Liu J, Rupprecht HD. Lipopolysaccharide induces Egr-1 mRNA and protein in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol. 1992 Nov 1; 149(9):3045-51. PMID: 1401930

Coleman DL. The influence of genetic background on the expression of mutations at the diabetes (db) locus in the mouse. VI: Hepatic malic enzyme activity is associated with diabetes severity. Metabolism. 1992 Oct; 41(10):1134-6. PMID: 1406300

Rupprecht HD, Dann P, Sukhatme VP, Sterzel RB, Coleman DL. Effect of vasoactive agents on induction of Egr-1 in rat mesangial cells: correlation with mitogenicity. Am J Physiol. 1992 Oct; 263(4 Pt 2):F623-36. PMID: 1415734

Ruef C, Kashgarian M, Coleman DL. Mesangial cell-matrix interactions. Effects on mesangial cell growth and cytokine secretion. Am J Pathol. 1992 Aug; 141(2):429-39. PMID: 1323220; PMCID: PMC1886618

Coleman DL, Ruef C. Interleukin-6: an autocrine regulator of mesangial cell growth. Kidney Int. 1992 Mar; 41(3):604-6. PMID: 1573836

Rupprecht AP, Coleman DL. Transfection of adherent murine peritoneal macrophages with a reporter gene using DEAE-dextran. J Immunol Methods. 1991 Nov 22; 144(2):157-63. PMID: 1960412

Coleman DL, Kuzava JE. Genetic regulation of malic enzyme activity in the mouse. J Biol Chem. 1991 Nov 15; 266(32):21997-2002. PMID: 1939220

Lacy J, Bartiss A, Coleman DL. Conversion of a human B cell lymphoma line by Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of a 50 kilodalton cytosolic protein. Virus Res. 1991 Jun; 20(1):85-96. PMID: 1656626

Liu JW, Lacy J, Sukhatme VP, Coleman DL. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces transcriptional activation of Egr-1 in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1991 Mar 25; 266(9):5929-33. PMID: 2005129

Ruef C, Coleman DL. [GM-CSF and G-CSF: cytokines in clinical application]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Mar 23; 121(12):397-412. PMID: 1709294

Coleman DL, Eicher EM. Fat (fat) and tubby (tub): two autosomal recessive mutations causing obesity syndromes in the mouse. J Hered. 1990 Nov-Dec; 81(6):424-7. PMID: 2250094

Ruef C, Budde K, Lacy J, Northemann W, Baumann M, Sterzel RB, Coleman DL. Interleukin 6 is an autocrine growth factor for mesangial cells. Kidney Int. 1990 Aug; 38(2):249-57. PMID: 2402117

Coleman DL, Kuzava JE, Leiter EH. Effect of diet on incidence of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Diabetes. 1990 Apr; 39(4):432-6. PMID: 2318346

Chodakewitz JA, Lacy J, Edwards SE, Birchall N, Coleman DL. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by murine and human keratinocytes. Enhancement by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15; 144(6):2190-6. PMID: 2179407

Ruef C, Coleman DL. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: pleiotropic cytokine with potential clinical usefulness. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Jan-Feb; 12(1):41-62. PMID: 2405468

Smith SM, Lee DK, Lacy J, Coleman DL. Rat tracheal epithelial cells produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1990 Jan; 2(1):59-68. PMID: 2407273; DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/2.1.59;

Horowitz M, Brown M, Insogna K, Coleman D, Centrella M, Phillips J, Weir E. PTHrP and PTH induce the secretion of IL-6 by a clonal osteosarcoma cell line. In Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cytokines. Powanda, Oppenheim, Kluger, Dinarello (eds). Alan Liss Inc. NY, NY. 1990; 471-476.

Coleman DL, Liu J, Bartiss AH. Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases adenylate cyclase activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol. 1989 Dec 15; 143(12):4134-40. PMID: 2687376

Budde K, Coleman DL, Lacy J, Sterzel RB. Rat mesangial cells produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Am J Physiol. 1989 Dec; 257(6 Pt 2):F1065-78. PMID: 2690641

Horowitz MC, Coleman DL, Ryaby JT, Einhorn TA. Osteotropic agents induce the differential secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by the osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Dec; 4(6):911-21.View Related Profiles.

Coleman, David
Einhorn, Thomas

PMID: 2692406

Evans R, Duffy TM, Coleman DL, Tai HH. Partial characterization of a low-molecular-weight, macrophage-derived inhibitor of DNA synthesis: a possible immunoregulatory molecule. Cell Immunol. 1989 Mar; 119(1):53-66. PMID: 2920397

Leiter EH, Chapman HD, Coleman DL. The influence of genetic background on the expression of mutations at the diabetes locus in the mouse. V. Interaction between the db gene and hepatic sex steroid sulfotransferases correlates with gender-dependent susceptibility to hyperglycemia. Endocrinology. 1989 Feb; 124(2):912-22. PMID: 2912706

Horowitz MC, Coleman DL, Flood PM, Kupper TS, Jilka RL. Parathyroid hormone and lipopolysaccharide induce murine osteoblast-like cells to secrete a cytokine indistinguishable from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan; 83(1):149-57. PMID: 2642917; PMCID: PMC303655

Prochazka M, Leiter EH, Serreze DV, Coleman DL, Jackson RA. Diabetic mouse incorrectly typed. Science. 1988 Nov 11; 242(4880):945. PMID: 3187535

Bégin-Heick N, Coleman DL. Effect of the genetic background and specific mutation on adenylate cyclase activity in obesity syndromes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1988 Oct; 59(3):171-8. PMID: 3181620

Coleman DL, Chodakewitz JA, Bartiss AH, Mellors JW. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances selective effector functions of tissue-derived macrophages. Blood. 1988 Aug; 72(2):573-8. PMID: 3042043

Kupper TS, Lee F, Coleman D, Chodakewitz J, Flood P, Horowitz M. Keratinocyte derived T-cell growth factor (KTGF) is identical to granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). J Invest Dermatol. 1988 Aug; 91(2):185-8. PMID: 3294304

Chodakewitz JA, Kupper TS, Coleman DL. Keratinocyte-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces DNA synthesis by peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol. 1988 Feb 1; 140(3):832-6. PMID: 3257506

Coleman DL. Therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its metabolites in obese-hyperglycemic mutant mice. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1988; 265:161-75. PMID: 2970093

Kupper TS, Horowitz M, Birchall N, Mizutani H, Coleman D, McGuire J, Flood P, Dower S, Lee F. Hematopoietic, lymphopoietic, and proinflammatory cytokines produced by human and murine keratinocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988; 548:262-70. PMID: 2470299

Mellors JW, Bartiss AH, Coleman DL. Stimulation of macrophage H2O2 release by resident thymocytes: effect of a soluble factor distinct from interferon-gamma. Cell Immunol. 1987 Dec; 110(2):391-9. PMID: 3121188

Kupper T, Flood P, Coleman D, Horowitz M. Growth of an interleukin 2/interleukin 4-dependent T cell line induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). J Immunol. 1987 Jun 15; 138(12):4288-92. PMID: 2953804

Coleman DL, Kupper TS, Flood PM, Fultz CC, Horowitz MC. Characterization of a keratinocyte-derived T cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2 and B cell stimulatory factor 1. J Immunol. 1987 May 15; 138(10):3314-8. PMID: 3494765

Widdicombe JH, Coleman DL, Finkbeiner WE, Friend DS. Primary cultures of the dog's tracheal epithelium: fine structure, fluid, and electrolyte transport. Cell Tissue Res. 1987 Jan; 247(1):95-103. PMID: 3829121

Coleman DL, Morrison DC, Ryan JL. Gangliosides block the inhibition of macrophage Fc-dependent phagocytosis by lipopolysaccharide. Cell Immunol. 1986 Jun; 100(1):288-99. PMID: 3742602

Kupper TS, Coleman DL, McGuire J, Goldminz D, Horowitz MC. Keratinocyte-derived T-cell growth factor: a T-cell growth factor functionally distinct from interleukin 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun; 83(12):4451-5. PMID: 3520573; PMCID: PMC323751

Coleman DL. Regulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Feb; 5(1):1-5. PMID: 3084238

Mellors JW, Coleman DL, Andriole VT. Value of the serum bactericidal test in management of patients with bacterial endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Feb; 5(1):67-70. PMID: 3516687

Yohe HC, Coleman DL, Ryan JL. Ganglioside alterations in stimulated murine macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Aug 8; 818(1):81-6. PMID: 4016115

Coleman DL, Culver KE, Ryan JL. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the stimulation of macrophage Fc-dependent phagocytosis by splenic B lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1985 Apr 1; 91(2):520-7. PMID: 3873284

Garris DR, Coleman DL, Morgan CR. Age- and diabetes-related changes in tissue glucose uptake and estradiol accumulation in the C57BL/KsJ mouse. Diabetes. 1985 Jan; 34(1):47-52. PMID: 4038372

Miller SA, Bia FJ, Coleman DL, Lucia HL, Young KR, Root RK. Pulmonary macrophage function during experimental cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonia. Infect Immun. 1985 Jan; 47(1):211-6. PMID: 2981196; PMCID: PMC261498

Coleman DL, Culver KE, Ryan JL. Enhancement of macrophage immune and nonimmune receptor-mediated phagocytosis by a low molecular weight soluble factor from resident thymocytes. J Immunol. 1984 Dec; 133(6):3121-7. PMID: 6386982

Coleman DL, Tuet IK, Widdicombe JH. Electrical properties of dog tracheal epithelial cells grown in monolayer culture. Am J Physiol. 1984 Mar; 246(3 Pt 1):C355-9. PMID: 6367482

Coleman DL, Ernstoff MS, Kirkwood JM, Ryan JL. Effect of intravenous recombinant alpha-2 interferon on monocyte Fc-dependent phagocytosis in patients with malignant melanoma. J Interferon Res. 1984; 4(2):215-21. PMID: 6747348

Barry M, Craft J, Coleman D, Coulter HO, Horwitz R. Clinical findings in Southeast Asian refugees. JAMA. 1983 Jun 17; 249(23):3200-3. PMID: 6854849

Craft J, Coleman D, Coulter HO, Horwitz R, Barry M. Hematologic abnormalities in Southeast Asian refugees. JAMA. 1983 Jun 17; 249(23):3204-6. PMID: 6854850

Coleman DL, Root RK, Ryan JL. Enhancement of macrophage Fc-dependent phagocytosis by resident thymocytes: effect of a unique heat-stable lymphokine. J Immunol. 1983 May; 130(5):2195-9. PMID: 6339624

Coleman DL, Horwitz RI, Andriole VT. Association between serum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and therapeutic outcome in bacterial endocarditis. Am J Med. 1982 Aug; 73(2):260-7. PMID: 7051827

Coleman DL, Barry M. Relapse of Paragonimus westermani lung infection after bithionol therapy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982 Jan; 31(1):71-4. PMID: 7058981

Coleman DL, Andriole VT. An unusual pontine mass lesion. Yale J Biol Med. 1982 Jan-Feb; 55(1):51-8. PMID: 7051583; PMCID: PMC2595995

Coleman DL, Root RK. Pulmonary infections, in Southeast Asian refugees. Clin Chest Med. 1981 Jan; 2(1):133-43. PMID: 6914222

Coleman DL, Horwitz RI. Lithium carbonate during chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1980 Jun 12; 302(24):1365. PMID: 6769041

Coleman DL, Ryan JL. Gentamicin: clinical role. Conn Med. 1980 Feb; 44(2):67-70. PMID: 7363609

Leiter EH, Coleman DL, Waymouth C. Cell culture of the endocrine pancreas of the mouse in chemically defined media. In Vitro. 1974 May-Jun; 9(6):421-33. PMID: 4367004

This graph shows the total number of publications by year, by first, middle/unknown, or last author.

Bar chart showing 85 publications over 31 distinct years, with a maximum of 7 publications in 1988 and 1990

Bar chart showing 85 publications over 31 distinct years, with a maximum of 7 publications in 1988 and 1990

Year	Publications
1980	2
1981	1
1982	3
1983	3
1984	3
1985	4
1986	4
1987	4
1988	7
1989	6
1990	7
1991	5
1992	5
1993	1
1994	3
1995	1
1996	2
1997	1
1999	1
2000	1
2003	1
2006	3
2008	1
2010	1
2012	1
2013	2
2016	1
2017	3
2018	4
2020	1
2021	3