Paul Shafer, PhD
Associate Professor
Boston University School of Public Health
Health Law, Policy & Management

PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
MA, University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Pronouns: he/him/his



Paul Shafer is an associate professor of health law, policy, and management and co-director of the Medicaid Policy Lab at the Boston University School of Public Health. His research focuses on how health insurance and social safety net policies affect health and equity. As a health economist, he is passionate about generating rigorous, timely, and policy-relevant research to ease administrative burdens, reduce economic deprivation, and improve health. He is also an investigator with the Partnered Evidence-Based Policy Resource Center at the VA Boston Healthcare System where he leads evaluations of policies and delivery innovations aimed at improving veterans access to care and health.

He is a member of the editorial board for Health Services Research and an editorial fellow for Health Affairs Scholar. His research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Commonwealth Fund, and Arnold Ventures among others. His work has been cited by former President Biden, White House, Congress, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Surgeon General, US Preventive Services Task Force, and National Academies along with major news outlets, including the New York Times, Washington Post, NPR, CNN, NBC News, and The Atlantic.

He teaches graduate courses in health policy and econometrics and has been recognized with teaching awards at Boston University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Previously, he served as a research economist at RTI International, junior fellow at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and research fellow at the Office of Personnel Management. He holds a BA and PhD from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an MA from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility

I endeavor to incorporate equity into everything I do — Think, Teach, and Do.

Think — The focus of my work is on health insurance and social safety net policies, which are inherently closely linked to equity and health. I perform rigorous evaluation of policies and campaigns to determine which are most effective and communicate what I learn beyond the research community to policymakers and the public so they can advocate for and implement evidence-based and/or equitable policies. Often a lack of evidence is used to uphold a status quo that is a legacy of racist and discriminatory systems, unwittingly using science as a weapon to maintain them, which we should resist at every turn.

Teach — I help train underrepresented scholars and bring their voices into the scientific and policymaking arenas. I support first-generation scholars, like me, and scholars of color that are coming up behind me, making the hidden curriculum more visible and investing the time that could make a difference for their career trajectory. I have served as a Terrier F1RSTS Advocate, BUSPH FirstGen Mentor, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Research Scholars Alumni Community Pillar, also have been recognized as a Provost Mentor Fellow for my commitment to inclusive mentoring. I have advocated for students from non-traditional and underrepresented backgrounds, knowing that reversing inequities in academia and research requires vision and investment. The safe choice is rarely the equitable one, but we can't keep doing things the same way and expect different outcomes.

Do — I continue educating myself on the history and theories of race, class, and inequality, and aim to partner with scholars of different identities when conducting research involving communities that I do not represent. Having, and instilling in students, humility and deep respect for the people who our work is informed and/or affected by should always guide our actions. We continue to fight for acknowledgment that systemic racism has causal impacts on health through differences in education, policing, and other factors, providing an understanding upon which policies and institutions can be reimagined equitably. We clearly have much work to do on this front as the education of American history, universal access to voting, science, and public health have all become politicized and deeply polarized.

Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.

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  1. Gertner A, Easterly CW, DeSilva S, Shafer PR, Lombardi B, Hunt-Harrison T, Nag S, Cholera R, Roubinov D, Gaynes B. Changes in the Proportion of Office-Based Child and Adolescent Physician Visits Addressing Mental Health, 2005-2019. Psychiatr Serv. 2025 Dec 03; appips20240553. PMID: 41331832
     
  2. McCann NC, Hsu HE, Ettinger de Cuba S, Frank J, Lange P, Stein MD, Shafer PR. When state Medicaid demonstrations end: projected eligibility loss after a MassHealth housing support program transition. Health Aff Sch. 2025 Nov; 3(11):qxaf213. PMID: 41267910; PMCID: PMC12628790; DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf213;
     
  3. Ogden SN, Dichter ME, Major E, Harris MTH, Haley DF, Shafer PR, Clark JA. Women's Perspectives on the Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Substance Use Disorder Recovery and Associated Service Needs. Womens Health Issues. 2025 Nov 10. PMID: 41219018; DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2025.10.004;
     
  4. Dorneo A, Pizer SD, Garrido MM, Shafer PR, Frakt AB, Feyman Y. Favorable Selection of Veterans in Medicare Advantage: Risk-Adjusted Cost Differences of Dual Veteran Health Administration Enrollees. Med Care. 2025 Oct 09. PMID: 41065485; DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002226;
     
  5. Austin AE, Ettinger de Cuba S, Maierhofer CN, Naumann RB, Chen M, Anderson KN, Shafer PR. Food insufficiency and difficulty affording expenses after the end of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program emergency allotments in the United States among households with and without children. Prev Med. 2025 Oct; 199:108385.View Related Profiles. PMID: 40783141; DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108385;
     
  6. Duffy EW, Poole MK, Gonzalez D, Petimar J, Kinsey EW, Shafer PR, Baldwin-SoRelle C, Austin AE. Beyond Food Assistance: A Scoping Review Examining Associations of Nonfood Social Safety Net Programs in the United States With Food Insecurity and Nutrition Outcomes. Nutr Rev. 2025 Jul 01; 83(7):1344-1357. PMID: 39868761; PMCID: PMC12166179; DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae216;
     
  7. Shafer PR. Recoding America: Why Government is Failing in the Digital Age and How We Can Do Better. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 2025; 3(50):509–516. View Publication
  8. Aswani MS, Do LA, Shafer PR. Use Of Social Determinants Of Health Z Codes Was Sparse, 2016-22. Health Aff (Millwood). 2025 May; 44(5):631-635. PMID: 40324133
     
  9. Skinner A, McCann NC, Howe CJ, Leifheit KM, Dean LT, Diaz Y, Ettman CK, Raifman J, Shafer PR. Association between pre-pandemic wealth and material hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic: how racial and ethnic wealth inequities shape household vulnerability to national crises. Health Aff Sch. 2025 May; 3(5):qxaf078.View Related Profiles. PMID: 40322319; PMCID: PMC12048749; DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf078;
     
  10. Lim K, Goutos D, Aswani M, Benitez J, Thompson K, Shafer PR. Racial, ethnic, and rural disparities in access to Medicaid offices. Health Aff Sch. 2025 May; 3(5):qxaf072.View Related Profiles. PMID: 40330277; PMCID: PMC12053252; DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf072;
     
Showing 10 of 101 results. Show More

This graph shows the total number of publications by year, by first, middle/unknown, or last author.

Bar chart showing 101 publications over 14 distinct years, with a maximum of 17 publications in 2025

YearPublications
20121
20132
20141
20152
201611
20176
20183
20198
20208
202113
20229
20239
202411
202517


2025 AcademyHealth: Champions for Health Services and Prevention Research
2025 Health Affairs Scholar: Editorial Fellow
2024 Boston University: Emerging Leader
2024 Boston University: Early Career Catalyst Award
2024 Health Affairs Scholar: Peer Review Board
2023 Health Services Research: Editorial Board
2022 Boston University: Teach Award
2022 Tradeoffs: Research Council
2021 Health Services Research: Outstanding Reviewer
2021 AcademyHealth: Best of Annual Research Meeting
2021 AcademyHealth: Best of Health Economics Interest Group
2021 Boston University: Provost Mentor Fellow
2020 Boston University: Early Career Catalyst Award
2019 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Jean G. Yates Outstanding Doctoral Student Award
2019 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Impact Award
2018 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Harry T. Phillips Award for Outstanding Teaching by a Doctoral Student
2017-2019 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Graduate Tuition Incentive Scholarship
2017 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Delta Omega Academic Excellence Award
2016-2019 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Health Policy Research Scholar
2016 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Future Faculty Fellowship
2015 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Doctoral Merit Assistantship
2014 RTI International: President's Award
2014 RTI International: Highly Published Author Award
2012 RTI International: Annual Award
2011 University of North Carolina at Greensboro: Omicron Delta Epsilon
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